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| Antiretroviral
Medications |
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| Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors |
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| Depletions |
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| Copper |
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Although copper deficiency is rare, signs and symptoms of long-term depletion
of copper include anemia, changes in the structure and appearance of hair, heart
damage, growth retardation, impaired bone formation, osteoporosis (bone loss),
and emphysema (lung disease). |
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| Zinc |
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Signs and symptoms of zinc deficiency include loss of appetite or sense of
taste, growth retardation, skin changes, and increased susceptibility to
infection. |
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| Editorial Note |
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| Supporting Research |
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Ames BN. Micronutrient deficiencies: A major cause of DNA damage. Ann NY
Acad Sci. 2000;889:87-106.
Baum, MK, et al. Zidovudine-associated adverse reactions in a longitudinal
study of asymptomatic HIV-1 infected homosexual males. J. Acquir. Defic.
Syndr. 4(12):1218-1226, 1991.
Chung S, Choi J, Hyun T, Rha Y, Bae C. Alterations in the carnitine
metabolism in epileptic children treated with valproic acid. JKMS.
1997;12:553-558.
Coulter DL. Carnitine, valproate, toxicity. J Child Neurol.
1991;61(1):7-14.
Falchuk KH. Disturbances in Trace Elements. In: Fauci A, Braunwald E,
Isselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.
14th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Health Professional Division;
1998:490-491.
Hambidge M. Human zinc deficiency. J Nutr. 2000;130(5S
Suppl):1344S-1349S. |
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| Review Date:
October 2000 |
Reviewed By:
All depletions monographs have been reviewed by a
team of experts including
Derrick M. DeSilva, Jr., MD, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ;
Jacqueline A. Hart, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Newton-Wellesley
Hospital, Harvard University and Senior Medical Editor, A.D.A.M., Inc., Boston,
MA; John Hinze, PharmD, NMD, Woodbine, IA; Ruth Marlin, MD, Medical Director and
Director of Medical Education, Preventive Medicine Research Institute,
Sausalito, CA; Brian T Sanderoff, PD, BS in Pharmacy, Clinical Assistant
Professor, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy; President, Your
Prescription for Health, Owings Mills, MD; Leonard Wisneski, MD, FACP, George
Washington University, Rockville, MD; Ira Zunin, MD, MPH, MBA, President and
Chairman, Hawaii State Consortium for Integrative Medicine, Honolulu,
HI.
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The publisher does not accept any responsibility for the
accuracy of the information or the consequences arising from the application,
use, or misuse of any of the information contained herein, including any injury
and/or damage to any person or property as a matter of product liability,
negligence, or otherwise. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made in regard
to the contents of this material. No claims or endorsements are made for any
drugs or compounds currently marketed or in investigative use. This material is
not intended as a guide to self-medication. The reader is advised to discuss the
information provided here with a doctor, pharmacist, nurse, or other authorized
healthcare practitioner and to check product information (including package
inserts) regarding dosage, precautions, warnings, interactions, and
contraindications before administering any drug, herb, or supplement discussed
herein. |
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